FRAMEWORKS FOR ESTIMATING CAUSAL EFFECTS IN OBSERVATIONAL SETTINGS: COMPARING CONFOUNDER ADJUSTMENT AND INSTRUMENTAL VARIABLES

Frameworks for estimating causal effects in observational settings: comparing confounder adjustment and instrumental variables

Abstract To estimate causal effects, analysts performing observational studies in Baby Health And Beauty health settings utilize several strategies to mitigate bias due to confounding by indication.There are two broad classes of approaches for these purposes: use of confounders and instrumental variables (IVs).Because such approaches are largely ch

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